Dr. Scott A. Braun, a research meteorologist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md., specializes in the area hurricanes. Scott is an expert at using satellite and aircraft data, along with computer modeling, to investigate how hurricanes form and intensify, including their interaction with the Saharan Air Layer. Scott is the Project Scientist for the Earth System Observatory-Atmosphere Observing System (ESO-AOS, https://aos.gsfc.nasa.gov), which is being developed in response to the 2017 NASA Decadal Survey Designated Observables for Aerosols and Clouds, Convection, and Precipitation. He is also project scientist for the Time-Resolved Observations of Precipitation structure and storm Intensity with a Constellation of Smallsats (TROPICS, https://tropics.ll.mit.edu) mission.
Scott was the Principal Investigator for NASA's Hurricane and Severe Storm Sentinel (HS3) mission, a five-year (2010-2015) mission specifically targeted to investigate hurricanes in the Atlantic Ocean basin. In his role, Scott led a diverse team of hurricane and instrument scientists to design and conduct experiments using unmanned aircraft to understand better the meteorological conditions that favor storm formation and often lead to the development of major hurricanes. To learn more about HS3, visit: espo.nasa.gov/hs3.
He was also the Project Scientist for the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM, 2008-2017), the GOES-R Project (2018), and the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM, 2018-2022) mission. To learn more about TRMM and GPM, go to https://gpm.nasa.gov/missions/trmm and https://gpm.nasa.gov, respectively.
Scott has a doctorate in atmospheric sciences from the University of Washington, Seattle, and a bachelor's degree in science, with a concentration in meteorology from San Francisco State University. He was a research assistant at the University of Washington in Seattle, Wash.; a Postdoctoral Fellow at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in Boulder, Colo.; and has worked at Goddard since 1997.
Scott has received numerous awards including Fellow of the American Meteorological Society, the Goddard Earth Science Achievement Award, the NASA Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal, and group achievement awards for participating in NASA's CAMEX-4, TCSP, GRIP, and HS3 missions.
Hurricanes
Physical and dynamical processes in hurricanes related to storm formation, intensification, clouds, and precipitation
Data Analysis
Analysis of airborne datasets from NASA hurricane field campaigns (CAMEX-3, TCSP, NAMMA, GRIP, HS3) and of large satellite datasets including TRMM, GPM, MODIS, AIRS, and CALIPSO
Modeling
Numerical modeling (MM5 and WRF mesoscale models, Goddard Cumulus Ensemble Model) of cloud systems, including squall lines, hurricanes, and extratropical winter storms
Project Scientist for the Earth System Observatory-Atmosphere Observing System (ESO-AOS)
The 2017 NASA Decadal Survey identified six designated observables representing the highest priority science goals for NASA Earth Science over the next 10 years, including Aerosols (A) and Clouds, Convection, and Precipitation (CCP). NASA conducted a 2-year ACCP study to explore a variety of architectures for a potential future mission to provide these measurements. The ACCP study team recommended a dual-orbit constellation that became ESO-AOS, with three satellites and 10 instruments. AOS is exploring additional international contributions from JAXA, CSA, and CNES. The project is currently in pre-Phase A, also known as the mission concept phase. The project is a multi-NASA center effort including GSFC, JPL, LaRC, MSFC, and ARC, along with multiple universities.
Time-Resolved Observations of Precipitation structure and storm Intensity with a Constellation of Smallsats (TROPICS)
TROPICS is an Earth Venture Instrument selected in 2016 to use a constellation of at least 6 CubeSat microwave radiometers to measure precipitation structure, storm intensity, and temperature and humidity profiles in and around tropical cyclones. The radiometers include 12 channels, with imaging channels at 90 and 205 GHz, 7 temperature channels near 118 GHz, and 3 moisture channels near 183 GHz. TROPICS will provide observations in the global Tropics (±40°) with a median revisit rate of 40 minutes. Scott is the project scientist for the mission. William Blackwell of MIT/Lincoln Labs is the PI.
1998
-
Present
Research Meteorologist
NASA/GSFC,
Greenbelt, MD
1997
-
1998
Visiting Fellow
Universities Space Research Association, NASA/GSFC,
Greenbelt, MD
1995
-
1997
Advanced Study Program Postdoctoral Fellow
NCAR,
Boulder, CO
1989
-
1995
Research Assistant
University of Washington,
Seattle, WA
1989 - B.A. in Science, concentration in meteorology, San Francisco State University
1995 - Ph.D. in Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington
American Meteorological Society (AMS),
1986
-
Present
Member, 1986-present
Associate Editor, J. Atmos. Sci., 2009-present
American Geophysical Union,
2006
-
Present
Member
AMS,
2020
-
2022
Chair, AMS Committee on Tropical Meteorology and Tropical Cyclones
AMS,
2020
-
2021
Program chair, 4th Symposium on Tropical Meteorology and Tropical Cyclones, AMS Annual Meeting 2021
AMS,
2018
-
2019
Vice chair, AMS Committee on Tropical Meteorology and Tropical Cyclones
AMS,
2016
-
2017
Associate editor, Monthly Weather Review
AMS,
2009
-
2015
Associate Editor for the Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
AMS,
2006
-
2007
Program chair, AMS 12th Conference on Mesoscale Processes
AMS,
2005
-
2010
Member of the Mesoscale Processes Conference Committee
AMS,
2005
-
2007
Associate Editor for Monthly Weather Review
Missions
2018-20 Goddard co-lead for the Decadal Survey Aerosols and Clouds, Convection, and Precipitation (ACCP) Targeted Observable study
2019-20 Deputy principal investigator, Investigation of Microphysics and Precipitation in Atlantic Coast-Threatening Snowstorms (MPACTS) Earth Venture Suborbital mission
2018 Project scientist, GOES-R Flight Project
2016-17 Deputy project scientist, GOES-R Flight Project
2008-17 Project scientist, Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission
2010-2014 Principal investigator, Hurricane and Severe Storm Sentinel (HS3) Earth Venture Suborbital mission
2005-07 Deputy project scientist, TRMM
Research Community Service
2021- International Advisory Committee for the Workshop on Atmospheric Satellites for Asian Monsoon cloud-precipitation Science and Applications (WASAMSA), February 2022, Bangalore, India.
2015-16 Advanced Phased-Array Radar Advisory Panel
2014-16 Advisor to NOAA Sensing Hazards with Operational Unmanned Technology (SHOUT) program on application of the Global Hawk UAS for hurricane research
2012-13 Member, Working Group for Unmanned Airborne System for Environmental Monitoring (NOAA/NASA/ONR)
2008-12 Member, Working Group for Tropical Cyclone Research (NOAA/NASA/ONR)
2008 Organizer, 3rd TRMM Science Conference
2005-current Member, Earth-Sun Exploration Div. Science-Public Affairs Office Committee
2005-06 Member, Joint Action Group for Tropical Cyclone Research (NOAA/NASA/ONR)
2004 Max Eaton Award Committee member, 26th Conf. on Hurr. and Trop. Meteor.
2002 NOAA Technology Infusion Plan, team member
2000 Max Eaton Award Committee member, 24th Conf. on Hurr. and Trop. Meteor.
Educational Service
2017-19 PhD advisory committee for Robert Nystrom, Penn State University
2011-13 Masters advisory committee for Alexandra St. Pe at Univ. of Maryland, Baltimore Co. (UMBC)
2008-10 PhD advisory committee for Matthew Miller at North Carolina State University
2006-11 Masters/PhD advisory committee for Samuel Trahan, UMBC
2005-08 PhD advisory committee for Jason Sippel, Texas A&M University
2004-07 PhD advisory committee for Joseph Olson, SUNY-Stony Brook
2019 Fellow, American Meteorological Society
2016 NASA/USGS Pecora Award, TRMM Mission
2007 NASA Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal
2006 Goddard Honor Award for Earth Science Achievement
2001 Scientific Research Award, Laboratory for Atmospheres
1989 Howard H. Hanks, Jr. Memorial Scholarship in Meteorology, AMS
1989 School of Science Honoree, San Francisco State University (SFSU)
Refereed
Kollias, P., A. Battaglia, K. Lamer, B. P. Treserras, and S. A. Braun. 2022. "Mind the Gap - Part 3: Doppler Velocity Measurements From Space."
Frontiers in Remote Sensing,
3:
[10.3389/frsen.2022.860284]
McMurdie, L. A., G. M. Heymsfield, J. E. Yorks, et al. 2022. "Chasing Snowstorms: The Investigation of Microphysics and Precipitation for Atlantic Coast-Threatening Snowstorms (IMPACTS) Campaign."
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,
[10.1175/bams-d-20-0246.1]
Han, M., and S. A. Braun. 2021. "Understanding the Global Three-dimensional Distribution of Precipitation Mean Particle Size with the Global Precipitation Measurement Mission."
Journal of Climate,
34:
9775-9796
[10.1175/jcli-d-21-0134.1]
You, Y., C. Peters-Lidard, S. J. Munchak, et al. 2021. "Improving Cross-track Scanning Radiometers’ Precipitation Retrieval over Ocean by Morphing."
Journal of Hydrometeorology,
22
(9):
2393-2406
[10.1175/jhm-d-21-0038.1]
Shi, J. J., S. A. Braun, Z. Tao, and T. Matsui. 2021. "Influence of the Saharan Air Layer on Hurricane Nadine (2012). Part I: Observations from the Hurricane and Severe Storm Sentinel (HS3) Investigation and Modeling Results."
Monthly Weather Review,
149:
3541-3562
[10.1175/mwr-d-20-0344.1]
Munsell, E. B., S. A. Braun, and F. Zhang. 2021. "GOES-16 observations of rapidly-intensifying tropical cyclones: Hurricanes Harvey (2017), Maria (2017), and Michael (2018)."
Monthly Weather Review,
149:
1695-1714
[10.1175/mwr-d-19-0298.1]
Hendricks, E. A., S. A. Braun, J. L. Vigh, and J. B. Courtney. 2019. "A summary of research advances on tropical cyclone intensity change from 2014-2018."
Tropical Cyclone Research and Review,
8
(4):
219-225
[10.1016/j.tcrr.2020.01.002]
Smith, R. K., M. T. Montgomery, and S. A. Braun. 2019. "Azimuthally averaged structure of Hurricane Edouard (2014) just after peak intensity."
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society,
145
(718):
211-216
[10.1002/qj.3423]
Han, M., S. A. Braun, T. Matsui, and T. Iguchi. 2018. "Comparisons of bin and bulk microphysics schemes in simulations of topographic winter precipitation with radar and radiometer measurements."
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society,
[10.1002/qj.3393]
Blackwell, W. J., S. Braun, R. Bennartz, et al. 2018. "An overview of the TROPICS NASA Earth Venture Mission."
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society,
144
(S1):
16-26
[10.1002/qj.3290]
Tao, Z., S. A. Braun, J. J. Shi, et al. 2018. "Microphysics and Radiation Effect of Dust on Saharan Air Layer: An HS3 Case Study."
Monthly Weather Review,
146
(6):
1813-1835
[10.1175/mwr-d-17-0279.1]
Nowottnick, E. P., P. R. Colarco, S. A. Braun, et al. 2018. "Dust Impacts on the 2012 Hurricane Nadine Track during the NASA HS3 Field Campaign."
Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences,
JAS-D-17-0237.1
[10.1175/jas-d-17-0237.1]
Nystrom, R. G., F. Zhang, E. B. Munsell, et al. 2018. "Predictability and Dynamics of Hurricane Joaquin (2015) Explored through Convection-Permitting Ensemble Sensitivity Experiments."
Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences,
75
(2):
401-424
[10.1175/jas-d-17-0137.1]
Munsell, E. B., F. Zhang, S. A. Braun, J. A. Sippel, and A. C. Didlake. 2018. "The Inner-Core Temperature Structure of Hurricane Edouard (2014): Observations and Ensemble Variability."
Monthly Weather Review,
146
(1):
135-155
[10.1175/mwr-d-17-0095.1]
Skofronick-Jackson, G., W. A. Petersen, W. Berg, et al. 2017. "The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Mission for Science and Society."
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,
98
(8):
1679-1695
[10.1175/bams-d-15-00306.1]
Rutherford, B., T. Dunkerton, M. Montgomery, and S. Braun. 2017. "The genesis of Hurricane Nate and its interaction with a nearby environment of very dry air."
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,
17
(17):
10349-10366
[10.5194/acp-17-10349-2017]
Kirschbaum, D. B., G. J. Huffman, R. Adler, et al. 2017. "NASA’s Remotely-sensed Precipitation: A Reservoir for Applications Users."
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,
98
(6):
1169-1184
[10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00296.1]
Munsell, E., F. Zhang, J. A. Sippel, and S. A. Braun. 2017. "Dynamics and predictability of the rapid intensification of Hurricane Edouard (2014)."
Monthly Weather Review,
74
(2):
573-595
[doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-16-0018.1]
Braun, S. A., P. Newman, and G. M. Heymsfield. 2016. "NASA’s Hurricane and Severe Storm Sentinel (HS3) Investigation."
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,
97
(11):
2085-2102
[10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00186.1]
Abarca, S. F., M. T. Montgomery, S. A. Braun, and J. Dunion. 2016. "On the secondary eyewall formation of Hurricane Edouard (2014)."
Monthly Weather Review,
MWR-D-15-0421.1
[10.1175/mwr-d-15-0421.1]
Sippel, J., F. Zhang, Y. Wang, S. A. Braun, and D. Cecil. 2016. "Further Exploring the Potential for Assimilation of Unmanned Aircraft Observations to Benefit Hurricane Analyses and Forecasts,."
Tropical Cyclone Research and Review,
4
(2):
1-7
[NA]
Munsell, E. B., J. A. Sippel, S. A. Braun, Y. Weng, and F. Zhang. 2015. "Dynamics and Predictability of Hurricane Nadine (2012) Evaluated through Convection-Permitting Ensemble Analysis and Forecasts."
Monthly Weather Review,
143
(11):
4514-4532
[10.1175/mwr-d-14-00358.1]
Sippel, J. A., F. Zhang, Y. Weng, et al. 2014. "Ensemble Kalman Filter Assimilation of HIWRAP Observations of Hurricane Karl (2010) from the Unmanned Global Hawk Aircraft."
Mon. Wea. Rev.,
142
(12):
4559-4580
[10.1175/MWR-D-14-00042.1]
Sippel, J. A., S. A. Braun, F. Zhang, and Y. Weng. 2013. "Ensemble Kalman filter assimilation of simulated HIWRAP Doppler velocity data in a hurricane."
Monthly Weather Review,
141
(8):
2683-2704
[10.1175/MWR-D-12-00157.1]
Braun, S. A., R. Kakar, E. Zipser, et al. 2013. "NASA's Genesis and Rapid Intensification Processes (GRIP) Field Experiment."
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,
94
(3):
345-363
[10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00232.1]
Han, M., S. A. Braun, T. Matsui, and C. Williams. 2013. "Evaluation of cloud microphysics schemes in simulations of a winter storm using radar and radiometer measurements."
J. Geophys. Res. Atmos.,
118
(3):
1401-1419
[10.1002/jgrd.50115]
Braun, S. A., J. A. Sippel, C.-L. Shie, and R. A. Boller. 2013. "The Evolution and Role of the Saharan Air Layer during Hurricane Helene (2006)."
Mon. Weather Rev.,
141
(12):
4269-4295
[10.1175/MWR-D-13-00045.1]
Braun, S., J. Sippel, and D. Nolan. 2012. "The Impact of Dry Midlevel Air on Hurricane Intensity in Idealized Simulations with No Mean Flow."
J Atmos Sci,
69
(1):
236-257
[10.1175/JAS-D-10-05007.1]
Sippel, J., S. A. Braun, and C. Shie. 2011. "Environmental Influences on the Strength of Tropical Storm Debby (2006)."
J Atmos Sci,
68
(11):
2557–2581
[10.1175/2011JAS3648.1]
Yang, M., S. A. Braun, and C. Deng-Shun. 2011. "Water Budget of Typhoon Nari (2001)."
Mon. Wea. Rev.,
139
(12):
3809-3828
[10.1175/MWR-D-10-05090.1]
Han, M., S. A. Braun, W. S. Olson, P. O. Persson, and J. Bao. 2010. "Application of TRMM PR and TMI Measurements to Assess Cloud Microphysical Schemes in the MM5 for a Winter Storm."
J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol.,
49
(6):
1129-1148
[10.1175/2010JAMC2327.1]
Braun, S. A., M. Montgomery, K. Mallen, and P. Reasor. 2010. "Simulation and Interpretation of the Genesis of Tropical Storm Gert (2005) as Part of the NASA Tropical Cloud Systems and Processes Experiment."
Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences,
67
(4):
999-1025
[10.1175/2009JAS3140.1]
Braun, S. A. 2010. "Comments on “Atlantic Tropical Cyclogenetic Processes during SOP-3 NAMMA in the GEOS-5 Global Data Assimilation and Forecast System”."
J Atmos Sci,
67
(7):
2402-2410
[10.1175/2010JAS3458.1]
Braun, S. A. 2010. "Reevaluating the Role of the Saharan Air Layer in Atlantic Tropical Cyclogenesis and Evolution."
Mon. Wea. Rev.,
138
(6):
2007-2037
[10.1175/2009MWR3135.1]
Tao, W.-K., J. Shi, S. Chen, et al. 2010. "New, improved bulk-microphysical schemes for studying precipitation processes in WRF: Part I: Comparison with different microphysical schemes."
Mon Wea Rev,
Han, M., S. A. Braun, P. O. Persson, and J. Bao. 2009. "Alongfront Variability of Precipitation Associated with a Midlatitude Frontal Zone: TRMM Observations and MM5 Simulation."
Mon. Wea. Rev.,
137
(3):
1008-1028
[10.1175/2008MWR2465.1]
Wu, L., B. Wang, and S. A. Braun. 2008. "Implications of tropical cyclone power dissipation index."
Int. J. Climatol.,
28
(6):
727-731
[10.1002/joc.1573]
Shirah, G. W., L. K. Perkins, H. G. Mitchell, et al. 2007. "Towers in the Tempest."
IEEE Visualization 2007 Scientific American Theater,
Sacramento, CA.
Braun, S. A., and L. Wu. 2007. "A numerical study of Hurricane Erin (2001). Part II: Shear and the Organization of Eyewall Vertical Motion."
Mon Wea Rev,
135
(4):
1179-1194
[10.1175/MWR3336.1]
Halverson, J., M. Black, S. A. Braun, et al. 2007. "NASA's Tropical Cloud Systems and Processes (TCSP) Experiment: Investigating Tropical Cyclogenesis and Hurricane Intensity Change."
Bull Amer Meteor Soc,
88:
867-882.
Cram, T., J. Persing, M. Montgomery, and S. A. Braun. 2007. "A Lagrangian Trajectory View on Transport and Mixing Processes between the Eye, Eyewall, and Environment Using a High-Resolution Simulation of Hurricane Bonnie (1998)."
Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences,
64
(6):
1835-1856
[10.1175/JAS3921.1]
Wu, L., S. A. Braun, J. Halverson, and G. M. Heymsfield. 2006. "A numerical study of Hurricane Erin (2001). Part I: Model Verification and Storm Evolution."
J Atmos Sci,
63
(1):
65-86
[10.1175/JAS3597.1]
Olson, W., C. Kummerow, S. Yang, et al. 2006. "Precipitation and latent heating distributions from satellite passive microwave radiometry. Part I: Improved method and uncertainties."
J Appl Meteorol Climatol,
45
(5):
702-720.
Braun, S. A. 2006. "High-Resolution Simulation of Hurricane Bonnie (1998). Part II: Water Budget."
J. Atmos. Sci.,
63
(1):
43-64
[10.1175/JAS3609.1]
Braun, S. A., M. Montgomery, and Z. Pu. 2006. "High-Resolution Simulation of Hurricane Bonnie (1998). Part I: The Organization of Eyewall Vertical Motion."
J. Atmos. Sci.,
63
(1):
19-42
[10.1175/JAS3598.1]
Wu, L., S. A. Braun, J. J. Qu, and X. Hao. 2006. "Simulating the formation of Hurricane Isabel (2003) with AIRS data."
Geophysical Research Letters,
33
(4):
L04804
[10.1029/2005GL024665]
Wu, L., B. Wang, and S. A. Braun. 2005. "Impacts of air-sea interaction on tropical cyclone track and intensity."
Mon. Wea. Rev.,
133:
3299-3314.
Wu, L., and S. A. Braun. 2004. "Effects of Environmentally Induced Asymmetries on Hurricane Intensity: A Numerical Study."
J. Atmos. Sci.,
61
(24):
3065-3081
[10.1175/JAS-3343.1]
Tao, W., C. Shie, J. Simpson, et al. 2003. "Convective systems over the South China sea: Cloud-resolving model simulations."
J Atmos Sci,
60
(24):
2929-2956
[10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<2929:CSOTSC>2.0.CO;2]
Tao, W.-K., J. Simpson, D. Baker, et al. 2003. "Microphysics radiation and surface processes in the Goddard Cumulus Ensemble (GCM) model."
Meteor Atmos Phys,
82:
97-137.
Tao, W., R. F. Adler, D. Baker, et al. 2003. "Regional Scale Modeling at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Recent Research Developments in Atmospheric Science."
Research Signpost,
2:
1-52
[Full Text (Link)]
Tao, W.-K., R. Adler, D. Baker, et al. 2003. "Regional Scale Modeling at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Recent Research Developments in Atmospheric Science."
Research Signpost,
2:
18994.
Tao, W.-K., J. Simpson, D. Baker, et al. 2003. "Microphysics, radiation and surface processes in a non-hydrostatic model."
Meteor Atmos Phy,
82:
97-137.
Rao, P. A., C. Velden, and S. A. Braun. 2002. "The vertical error characteristics of GOES-derived winds: Description and impact on numerical weather prediction ."
J. Appl. Meteor.,
41:
253-271.
Pu, Z., W. Tao, S. A. Braun, et al. 2002. "The impact of TRMM data on mesoscale numerical simulation of Super typhoon Paka."
Mon Wea Rev,
130:
2448-2458.
Braun, S. A. 2002. "A cloud-resolving simulation of Hurricane Bob (1991): Storm structure and eyewall buoyancy."
Mon Wea Rev,
130
(6):
1573-1592
[10.1175/1520-0493(2002)130<1573:ACRSOH>2.0.CO;2]
Olson, W. S., S. Yang, C. A. Kummerow, et al. 2002. "Estimation of precipitation and latent heating distributions by satellite passive/active microwave remote sensing."
Microwave Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere and Environment,
50-57.
Pu, Z., and S. A. Braun. 2001. "Evaluation of bogus vortex techniques with four-dimensional variational data assimilation."
Mon Wea Rev,
129
(8):
2023 - 2039.
Braun, S. A., and W. Tao. 2000. "Sensitivity of High-Resolution Simulations of Hurricane Bob (1991) to Planetary Boundary Layer Parameterizations."
Mon Wea Rev,
128
(12):
3941-3961.
Tao, W., R. F. Adler, S. A. Braun, et al. 2000. "Summary of a Symposium on Cloud Systems Hurricanes and TRMM: Celebration of Dr. Joanne Simpson's Career - The First Fifty Years."
Bull Amer Meteor Soc,
81:
2463-2474.
Tao, W.-K., R. Adler, S. A. Braun, et al. 2000. "Summary of a Symposium on Cloud Systems, Hurricanes and TRMM: Celebration of Dr Joanne Simpson's Career - The First Fifty Years."
Bull Amer Meteor Soc,
81:
2463-2474.
Braun, S. A., R. Rotunno, and J. B. Klemp. 1999. "Effects of Coastal Orography on Landfalling Cold Fronts. Part II: Effects of Surface Friction."
J Atmos Sci,
56
(19):
3366-3384
[10.1175/1520-0469(1999)056<3366:EOCOOL>2.0.CO;2]
Braun, S. A., R. Rotunno, and J. B. Klemp. 1999. "Effects of Coastal Orography on Landfalling Cold Fronts. Part I: Dry, Inviscid Dynamics."
J Atmos Sci,
56
(4):
517-533
[10.1175/1520-0469(1999)056<0517:EOCOOL>2.0.CO;2]
Braun, S. A., and R. A. Houze. 1997. "On the evolution of the 10-11 June 1985 PRE-STORM squall line: Initiation, development of rear inflow, and dissipation."
Mon. Wea. Rev.,
125:
478-504.
Braun, S. A., J. R. Houze, and B. F. Smull. 1997. "Airborne dual-Doppler observations of an intense frontal system approaching the Pacific Northwest coast ."
Mon. Wea. Rev.,
125:
3131-3156.
Braun, S. A., and J. R. Houze. 1997. "On the evolution of the 10-11 June 1985 PRE-STORM squall line: Initiation, development of rear inflow, and dissipation."
Mon. Wea. Rev.,
125:
478-504.
Braun, S. A., R. A. Houze, and M.-J. Yng. 1996. "Comments on “The impact of the ice phase and radiation on a midlatitude squall line system."
J. Atmos. Sci.,
53:
1343-1351.
Braun, S. A., and R. A. Houze. 1996. "The heat budget of a midlatitude squall line and implications for potential vorticity production ."
J. Atmos. Sci.,
53:
1217-1240.
Braun, S. A., and R. A. Houze. 1995. "Melting and freezing within a midlatitude mesoscale convective system."
Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.,
121:
55-77.
Braun, S. A., and R. A. Houze. 1995. "Diagnosis of hydrometeor profiles from area-mean vertical velocity data."
Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.,
121:
23-53.
Braun, S. A., and R. A. Houze. 1994. "The transition zone and secondary maximum of radar reflectivity behind a midlatitude squall line: Results retrieved from Doppler radar data ."
J. Atmos. Sci.,
51:
2733-2755.
Sun, J., S. A. Braun, M. I. Biggerstaff, R. G. Fovell, and R. A. Houze. 1993. "Warm upper-level downdrafts associated with a squall line."
Mon. Wea. Rev.,
121:
2919-2927.
Braun, S. A., and J. P. Monteverdi. 1991. "An analysis of a mesocyclone-induced tornado occurrence in northern California ."
Wea. Forecasting,
6:
13-31.
Monteverdi, J. P., S. A. Braun, and T. C. Trimble. 1988. "Funnel clouds in the San Joaquin Valley, California."
Mon. Wea. Rev.,
116:
782-789.
Non-Refereed
Davies, D. K., K. J. Murphy, K. Michael, et al. 2015. "The Use of NASA LANCE Imagery and Data for Near Real-Time Applications."
Time-Sensitive Remote Sensing
New York: 165-182,
ISBN: 978-1-4939-2601-5.
[10.1007/978-1-4939-2602-2_11]
Braun, S. A., and C.-L. Shie. 2008. "The Saharan Air Layer and improved understanding of Atlantic
hurricane formation and intensification: hope or hype?"
The 62nd Interdepartmental Hurricane Conference, 3-7 March 2008, Charleston, SC, 2008
Braun, S. A., M. Montgomery, J. Fulton, and D. Nolan. 2001. "Warm-Core Intensification of a Hurricane Through Horizontal Eddy Heat Transports Inside the Eye."
USWRP Science Symposium
Orlando, FL.
Braun, S. A., M. Montgomery, J. Fulton, and D. Nolan. 2001. "Warm-Core Intensification through Horizontal Eddy Heat Transports into the Eye."
Ninth Conference Mesoscale Processes
Ft Lauderdale, FL.
Pu, Z.-X., and S. A. Braun. 2001. "Evaluation of Bogus Vortex Techniques Using Four-Demensional Variational Data Assimilation."
14th and 18th Conference
Ft Lauderdale, FL.
Pu, Z., W.-K. Tao, J. Simpson, et al. 2001. "The Impact of TRMM Data on Mesoscale Numerical Simulation of Super Typhoon Paka."
9th Conference Mesoscale Processes
Ft Lauderdale, FL.
Braun, S. A., J. Simpson, and W.-K. Tao. 2000. "Kinematic and Thermodynamic Structures of Hurricane Bob (1991) Determined from a 13-KM Resolution Numerical Simulation."
AMS Spring Meeting
Pu, Z.-X., S. A. Braun, and W.-K. Tao. 1999. "Four-Dimensional Data Assimulation and Numerical Simulation of Hurricane George (1998)."
9th MM5 Users Workshop
Boulder, CO.
Pu, Z.-X., S. A. Braun, and W.-K. Tao. 1999. "Four-Dimensional Data Assimulation and Numerical Simulation of Hurricanes."
3rd WMO Symposium on Data Assimilation
Quebec, Canada.
Braun, S. A., and W.-K. Tao. 1998. "Evaluation of the Goddard and Reisner Cloud Microphysical Parameterizations in a Simulation of Hurricane Bob (1991)."
MM5 Users Workshop 49-52
Boulder, CO.
Refereed
Kollias, P., A. Battaglia, K. Lamer, B. P. Treserras, and S. A. Braun. 2022. "Mind the Gap - Part 3: Doppler Velocity Measurements From Space."
Frontiers in Remote Sensing
3
[10.3389/frsen.2022.860284]
McMurdie, L. A., G. M. Heymsfield, J. E. Yorks, et al. 2022. "Chasing Snowstorms: The Investigation of Microphysics and Precipitation for Atlantic Coast-Threatening Snowstorms (IMPACTS) Campaign."
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
[10.1175/bams-d-20-0246.1]
Han, M., and S. A. Braun. 2021. "Understanding the Global Three-dimensional Distribution of Precipitation Mean Particle Size with the Global Precipitation Measurement Mission."
Journal of Climate
34
9775-9796
[10.1175/jcli-d-21-0134.1]
You, Y., C. Peters-Lidard, S. J. Munchak, et al. 2021. "Improving Cross-track Scanning Radiometers’ Precipitation Retrieval over Ocean by Morphing."
Journal of Hydrometeorology
22
(9):
2393-2406
[10.1175/jhm-d-21-0038.1]
Shi, J. J., S. A. Braun, Z. Tao, and T. Matsui. 2021. "Influence of the Saharan Air Layer on Hurricane Nadine (2012). Part I: Observations from the Hurricane and Severe Storm Sentinel (HS3) Investigation and Modeling Results."
Monthly Weather Review
149
3541-3562
[10.1175/mwr-d-20-0344.1]
Munsell, E. B., S. A. Braun, and F. Zhang. 2021. "GOES-16 observations of rapidly-intensifying tropical cyclones: Hurricanes Harvey (2017), Maria (2017), and Michael (2018)."
Monthly Weather Review
149
1695-1714
[10.1175/mwr-d-19-0298.1]
Hendricks, E. A., S. A. Braun, J. L. Vigh, and J. B. Courtney. 2019. "A summary of research advances on tropical cyclone intensity change from 2014-2018."
Tropical Cyclone Research and Review
8
(4):
219-225
[10.1016/j.tcrr.2020.01.002]
Smith, R. K., M. T. Montgomery, and S. A. Braun. 2019. "Azimuthally averaged structure of Hurricane Edouard (2014) just after peak intensity."
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society
145
(718):
211-216
[10.1002/qj.3423]
Han, M., S. A. Braun, T. Matsui, and T. Iguchi. 2018. "Comparisons of bin and bulk microphysics schemes in simulations of topographic winter precipitation with radar and radiometer measurements."
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society
[10.1002/qj.3393]
Blackwell, W. J., S. Braun, R. Bennartz, et al. 2018. "An overview of the TROPICS NASA Earth Venture Mission."
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society
144
(S1):
16-26
[10.1002/qj.3290]
Tao, Z., S. A. Braun, J. J. Shi, et al. 2018. "Microphysics and Radiation Effect of Dust on Saharan Air Layer: An HS3 Case Study."
Monthly Weather Review
146
(6):
1813-1835
[10.1175/mwr-d-17-0279.1]
Nowottnick, E. P., P. R. Colarco, S. A. Braun, et al. 2018. "Dust Impacts on the 2012 Hurricane Nadine Track during the NASA HS3 Field Campaign."
Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JAS-D-17-0237.1
[10.1175/jas-d-17-0237.1]
Nystrom, R. G., F. Zhang, E. B. Munsell, et al. 2018. "Predictability and Dynamics of Hurricane Joaquin (2015) Explored through Convection-Permitting Ensemble Sensitivity Experiments."
Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
75
(2):
401-424
[10.1175/jas-d-17-0137.1]
Munsell, E. B., F. Zhang, S. A. Braun, J. A. Sippel, and A. C. Didlake. 2018. "The Inner-Core Temperature Structure of Hurricane Edouard (2014): Observations and Ensemble Variability."
Monthly Weather Review
146
(1):
135-155
[10.1175/mwr-d-17-0095.1]
Skofronick-Jackson, G., W. A. Petersen, W. Berg, et al. 2017. "The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Mission for Science and Society."
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
98
(8):
1679-1695
[10.1175/bams-d-15-00306.1]
Rutherford, B., T. Dunkerton, M. Montgomery, and S. Braun. 2017. "The genesis of Hurricane Nate and its interaction with a nearby environment of very dry air."
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
17
(17):
10349-10366
[10.5194/acp-17-10349-2017]
Kirschbaum, D. B., G. J. Huffman, R. Adler, et al. 2017. "NASA’s Remotely-sensed Precipitation: A Reservoir for Applications Users."
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
98
(6):
1169-1184
[10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00296.1]
Munsell, E., F. Zhang, J. A. Sippel, and S. A. Braun. 2017. "Dynamics and predictability of the rapid intensification of Hurricane Edouard (2014)."
Monthly Weather Review
74
(2):
573-595
[doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-16-0018.1]
Braun, S. A., P. Newman, and G. M. Heymsfield. 2016. "NASA’s Hurricane and Severe Storm Sentinel (HS3) Investigation."
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
97
(11):
2085-2102
[10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00186.1]
Abarca, S. F., M. T. Montgomery, S. A. Braun, and J. Dunion. 2016. "On the secondary eyewall formation of Hurricane Edouard (2014)."
Monthly Weather Review
MWR-D-15-0421.1
[10.1175/mwr-d-15-0421.1]
Sippel, J., F. Zhang, Y. Wang, S. A. Braun, and D. Cecil. 2016. "Further Exploring the Potential for Assimilation of Unmanned Aircraft Observations to Benefit Hurricane Analyses and Forecasts,."
Tropical Cyclone Research and Review
4
(2):
1-7
[NA]
Munsell, E. B., J. A. Sippel, S. A. Braun, Y. Weng, and F. Zhang. 2015. "Dynamics and Predictability of Hurricane Nadine (2012) Evaluated through Convection-Permitting Ensemble Analysis and Forecasts."
Monthly Weather Review
143
(11):
4514-4532
[10.1175/mwr-d-14-00358.1]
Sippel, J. A., F. Zhang, Y. Weng, et al. 2014. "Ensemble Kalman Filter Assimilation of HIWRAP Observations of Hurricane Karl (2010) from the Unmanned Global Hawk Aircraft."
Mon. Wea. Rev.
142
(12):
4559-4580
[10.1175/MWR-D-14-00042.1]
Sippel, J. A., S. A. Braun, F. Zhang, and Y. Weng. 2013. "Ensemble Kalman filter assimilation of simulated HIWRAP Doppler velocity data in a hurricane."
Monthly Weather Review
141
(8):
2683-2704
[10.1175/MWR-D-12-00157.1]
Braun, S. A., R. Kakar, E. Zipser, et al. 2013. "NASA's Genesis and Rapid Intensification Processes (GRIP) Field Experiment."
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
94
(3):
345-363
[10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00232.1]
Han, M., S. A. Braun, T. Matsui, and C. Williams. 2013. "Evaluation of cloud microphysics schemes in simulations of a winter storm using radar and radiometer measurements."
J. Geophys. Res. Atmos.
118
(3):
1401-1419
[10.1002/jgrd.50115]
Braun, S. A., J. A. Sippel, C.-L. Shie, and R. A. Boller. 2013. "The Evolution and Role of the Saharan Air Layer during Hurricane Helene (2006)."
Mon. Weather Rev.
141
(12):
4269-4295
[10.1175/MWR-D-13-00045.1]
Braun, S., J. Sippel, and D. Nolan. 2012. "The Impact of Dry Midlevel Air on Hurricane Intensity in Idealized Simulations with No Mean Flow."
J Atmos Sci
69
(1):
236-257
[10.1175/JAS-D-10-05007.1]
Sippel, J., S. A. Braun, and C. Shie. 2011. "Environmental Influences on the Strength of Tropical Storm Debby (2006)."
J Atmos Sci
68
(11):
2557–2581
[10.1175/2011JAS3648.1]
Yang, M., S. A. Braun, and C. Deng-Shun. 2011. "Water Budget of Typhoon Nari (2001)."
Mon. Wea. Rev.
139
(12):
3809-3828
[10.1175/MWR-D-10-05090.1]
Han, M., S. A. Braun, W. S. Olson, P. O. Persson, and J. Bao. 2010. "Application of TRMM PR and TMI Measurements to Assess Cloud Microphysical Schemes in the MM5 for a Winter Storm."
J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol.
49
(6):
1129-1148
[10.1175/2010JAMC2327.1]
Braun, S. A., M. Montgomery, K. Mallen, and P. Reasor. 2010. "Simulation and Interpretation of the Genesis of Tropical Storm Gert (2005) as Part of the NASA Tropical Cloud Systems and Processes Experiment."
Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
67
(4):
999-1025
[10.1175/2009JAS3140.1]
Braun, S. A. 2010. "Comments on “Atlantic Tropical Cyclogenetic Processes during SOP-3 NAMMA in the GEOS-5 Global Data Assimilation and Forecast System”."
J Atmos Sci
67
(7):
2402-2410
[10.1175/2010JAS3458.1]
Braun, S. A. 2010. "Reevaluating the Role of the Saharan Air Layer in Atlantic Tropical Cyclogenesis and Evolution."
Mon. Wea. Rev.
138
(6):
2007-2037
[10.1175/2009MWR3135.1]
Tao, W.-K., J. Shi, S. Chen, et al. 2010. "New, improved bulk-microphysical schemes for studying precipitation processes in WRF: Part I: Comparison with different microphysical schemes."
Mon Wea Rev
Han, M., S. A. Braun, P. O. Persson, and J. Bao. 2009. "Alongfront Variability of Precipitation Associated with a Midlatitude Frontal Zone: TRMM Observations and MM5 Simulation."
Mon. Wea. Rev.
137
(3):
1008-1028
[10.1175/2008MWR2465.1]
Wu, L., B. Wang, and S. A. Braun. 2008. "Implications of tropical cyclone power dissipation index."
Int. J. Climatol.
28
(6):
727-731
[10.1002/joc.1573]
Shirah, G. W., L. K. Perkins, H. G. Mitchell, et al. 2007. "Towers in the Tempest."
IEEE Visualization 2007 Scientific American Theater
Braun, S. A., and L. Wu. 2007. "A numerical study of Hurricane Erin (2001). Part II: Shear and the Organization of Eyewall Vertical Motion."
Mon Wea Rev
135
(4):
1179-1194
[10.1175/MWR3336.1]
Halverson, J., M. Black, S. A. Braun, et al. 2007. "NASA's Tropical Cloud Systems and Processes (TCSP) Experiment: Investigating Tropical Cyclogenesis and Hurricane Intensity Change."
Bull Amer Meteor Soc
88
867-882
Cram, T., J. Persing, M. Montgomery, and S. A. Braun. 2007. "A Lagrangian Trajectory View on Transport and Mixing Processes between the Eye, Eyewall, and Environment Using a High-Resolution Simulation of Hurricane Bonnie (1998)."
Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
64
(6):
1835-1856
[10.1175/JAS3921.1]
Wu, L., S. A. Braun, J. Halverson, and G. M. Heymsfield. 2006. "A numerical study of Hurricane Erin (2001). Part I: Model Verification and Storm Evolution."
J Atmos Sci
63
(1):
65-86
[10.1175/JAS3597.1]
Olson, W., C. Kummerow, S. Yang, et al. 2006. "Precipitation and latent heating distributions from satellite passive microwave radiometry. Part I: Improved method and uncertainties."
J Appl Meteorol Climatol
45
(5):
702-720
Braun, S. A. 2006. "High-Resolution Simulation of Hurricane Bonnie (1998). Part II: Water Budget."
J. Atmos. Sci.
63
(1):
43-64
[10.1175/JAS3609.1]
Braun, S. A., M. Montgomery, and Z. Pu. 2006. "High-Resolution Simulation of Hurricane Bonnie (1998). Part I: The Organization of Eyewall Vertical Motion."
J. Atmos. Sci.
63
(1):
19-42
[10.1175/JAS3598.1]
Wu, L., S. A. Braun, J. J. Qu, and X. Hao. 2006. "Simulating the formation of Hurricane Isabel (2003) with AIRS data."
Geophysical Research Letters
33
(4):
L04804
[10.1029/2005GL024665]
Wu, L., B. Wang, and S. A. Braun. 2005. "Impacts of air-sea interaction on tropical cyclone track and intensity."
Mon. Wea. Rev.
133
3299-3314
Wu, L., and S. A. Braun. 2004. "Effects of Environmentally Induced Asymmetries on Hurricane Intensity: A Numerical Study."
J. Atmos. Sci.
61
(24):
3065-3081
[10.1175/JAS-3343.1]
Tao, W., C. Shie, J. Simpson, et al. 2003. "Convective systems over the South China sea: Cloud-resolving model simulations."
J Atmos Sci
60
(24):
2929-2956
[10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<2929:CSOTSC>2.0.CO;2]
Tao, W.-K., J. Simpson, D. Baker, et al. 2003. "Microphysics radiation and surface processes in the Goddard Cumulus Ensemble (GCM) model."
Meteor Atmos Phys
82
97-137
Tao, W., R. F. Adler, D. Baker, et al. 2003. "Regional Scale Modeling at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Recent Research Developments in Atmospheric Science."
Research Signpost
2
1-52
[Full Text (Link)]
Tao, W.-K., R. Adler, D. Baker, et al. 2003. "Regional Scale Modeling at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Recent Research Developments in Atmospheric Science."
Research Signpost
2
18994
Tao, W.-K., J. Simpson, D. Baker, et al. 2003. "Microphysics, radiation and surface processes in a non-hydrostatic model."
Meteor Atmos Phy
82
97-137
Rao, P. A., C. Velden, and S. A. Braun. 2002. "The vertical error characteristics of GOES-derived winds: Description and impact on numerical weather prediction ."
J. Appl. Meteor.
41
253-271
Pu, Z., W. Tao, S. A. Braun, et al. 2002. "The impact of TRMM data on mesoscale numerical simulation of Super typhoon Paka."
Mon Wea Rev
130
2448-2458
Braun, S. A. 2002. "A cloud-resolving simulation of Hurricane Bob (1991): Storm structure and eyewall buoyancy."
Mon Wea Rev
130
(6):
1573-1592
[10.1175/1520-0493(2002)130<1573:ACRSOH>2.0.CO;2]
Olson, W. S., S. Yang, C. A. Kummerow, et al. 2002. "Estimation of precipitation and latent heating distributions by satellite passive/active microwave remote sensing."
Microwave Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere and Environment
50-57
Pu, Z., and S. A. Braun. 2001. "Evaluation of bogus vortex techniques with four-dimensional variational data assimilation."
Mon Wea Rev
129
(8):
2023 - 2039
Braun, S. A., and W. Tao. 2000. "Sensitivity of High-Resolution Simulations of Hurricane Bob (1991) to Planetary Boundary Layer Parameterizations."
Mon Wea Rev
128
(12):
3941-3961
Tao, W., R. F. Adler, S. A. Braun, et al. 2000. "Summary of a Symposium on Cloud Systems Hurricanes and TRMM: Celebration of Dr. Joanne Simpson's Career - The First Fifty Years."
Bull Amer Meteor Soc
81
2463-2474
Tao, W.-K., R. Adler, S. A. Braun, et al. 2000. "Summary of a Symposium on Cloud Systems, Hurricanes and TRMM: Celebration of Dr Joanne Simpson's Career - The First Fifty Years."
Bull Amer Meteor Soc
81
2463-2474
Braun, S. A., R. Rotunno, and J. B. Klemp. 1999. "Effects of Coastal Orography on Landfalling Cold Fronts. Part II: Effects of Surface Friction."
J Atmos Sci
56
(19):
3366-3384
[10.1175/1520-0469(1999)056<3366:EOCOOL>2.0.CO;2]
Braun, S. A., R. Rotunno, and J. B. Klemp. 1999. "Effects of Coastal Orography on Landfalling Cold Fronts. Part I: Dry, Inviscid Dynamics."
J Atmos Sci
56
(4):
517-533
[10.1175/1520-0469(1999)056<0517:EOCOOL>2.0.CO;2]
Braun, S. A., and R. A. Houze. 1997. "On the evolution of the 10-11 June 1985 PRE-STORM squall line: Initiation, development of rear inflow, and dissipation."
Mon. Wea. Rev.
125
478-504
Braun, S. A., J. R. Houze, and B. F. Smull. 1997. "Airborne dual-Doppler observations of an intense frontal system approaching the Pacific Northwest coast ."
Mon. Wea. Rev.
125
3131-3156
Braun, S. A., and J. R. Houze. 1997. "On the evolution of the 10-11 June 1985 PRE-STORM squall line: Initiation, development of rear inflow, and dissipation."
Mon. Wea. Rev.
125
478-504
Braun, S. A., R. A. Houze, and M.-J. Yng. 1996. "Comments on “The impact of the ice phase and radiation on a midlatitude squall line system."
J. Atmos. Sci.
53
1343-1351
Braun, S. A., and R. A. Houze. 1996. "The heat budget of a midlatitude squall line and implications for potential vorticity production ."
J. Atmos. Sci.
53
1217-1240
Braun, S. A., and R. A. Houze. 1995. "Melting and freezing within a midlatitude mesoscale convective system."
Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.
121
55-77
Braun, S. A., and R. A. Houze. 1995. "Diagnosis of hydrometeor profiles from area-mean vertical velocity data."
Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.
121
23-53
Braun, S. A., and R. A. Houze. 1994. "The transition zone and secondary maximum of radar reflectivity behind a midlatitude squall line: Results retrieved from Doppler radar data ."
J. Atmos. Sci.
51
2733-2755
Sun, J., S. A. Braun, M. I. Biggerstaff, R. G. Fovell, and R. A. Houze. 1993. "Warm upper-level downdrafts associated with a squall line."
Mon. Wea. Rev.
121
2919-2927
Braun, S. A., and J. P. Monteverdi. 1991. "An analysis of a mesocyclone-induced tornado occurrence in northern California ."
Wea. Forecasting
6
13-31
Monteverdi, J. P., S. A. Braun, and T. C. Trimble. 1988. "Funnel clouds in the San Joaquin Valley, California."
Mon. Wea. Rev.
116
782-789
Non-Refereed
Davies, D. K., K. J. Murphy, K. Michael, et al. 2015. "The Use of NASA LANCE Imagery and Data for Near Real-Time Applications."
Time-Sensitive Remote Sensing
165-182
[10.1007/978-1-4939-2602-2_11]
Braun, S. A., and C.-L. Shie. 2008. "The Saharan Air Layer and improved understanding of Atlantic
hurricane formation and intensification: hope or hype?"
The 62nd Interdepartmental Hurricane Conference, 3-7 March 2008, Charleston, SC, 2008
Braun, S. A., M. Montgomery, J. Fulton, and D. Nolan. 2001. "Warm-Core Intensification of a Hurricane Through Horizontal Eddy Heat Transports Inside the Eye."
USWRP Science Symposium
Braun, S. A., M. Montgomery, J. Fulton, and D. Nolan. 2001. "Warm-Core Intensification through Horizontal Eddy Heat Transports into the Eye."
Ninth Conference Mesoscale Processes
Pu, Z.-X., and S. A. Braun. 2001. "Evaluation of Bogus Vortex Techniques Using Four-Demensional Variational Data Assimilation."
14th and 18th Conference
Pu, Z., W.-K. Tao, J. Simpson, et al. 2001. "The Impact of TRMM Data on Mesoscale Numerical Simulation of Super Typhoon Paka."
9th Conference Mesoscale Processes
Braun, S. A., J. Simpson, and W.-K. Tao. 2000. "Kinematic and Thermodynamic Structures of Hurricane Bob (1991) Determined from a 13-KM Resolution Numerical Simulation."
AMS Spring Meeting
Pu, Z.-X., S. A. Braun, and W.-K. Tao. 1999. "Four-Dimensional Data Assimulation and Numerical Simulation of Hurricane George (1998)."
9th MM5 Users Workshop
Pu, Z.-X., S. A. Braun, and W.-K. Tao. 1999. "Four-Dimensional Data Assimulation and Numerical Simulation of Hurricanes."
3rd WMO Symposium on Data Assimilation
Braun, S. A., and W.-K. Tao. 1998. "Evaluation of the Goddard and Reisner Cloud Microphysical Parameterizations in a Simulation of Hurricane Bob (1991)."
MM5 Users Workshop 49-52
