Siegfried Schubert is a senior research scientist in NASA’s Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO), where he leads the group on sub-seasonal to decadal climate. He received his Ph. D. in Meteorology from the University of Wisconsin- Madison in 1983. His research interests include climate variability and predictability, droughts, the hydrological cycle, extreme weather and climate events, and reanalysis. Dr. Schubert has authored or co-authored over 100 research articles, serving as an editor of the Journal of Climate, and helping to organize two special collections of the Journal of Climate on drought. He is currently a member of the international CLIVAR scientific steering group, and as part of the leadership of the WCRP drought interest group, he helped organize two international workshops to assess current understanding of drought world-wide with the goal of developing a global drought information system (GDIS). As the lead of a NOAA drought task force, he is helping to coordinate and facilitate drought research projects nationally, including the development of a special collection of the Journal of Hydrometeorology on the topic of drought monitoring and prediction.
1983 - Ph.D. Meteorology, University of Wisconsin-Madison
1980 - M.S. Meteorology, University of Wisconsin-Madison
1977 - B.S. Applied Mathematics, University of Wisconsin-Madison
Fellow of the American Meteorological Society 2013
Refereed
Wang, H., L. Long, A. Kumar, et al. 2014. "How well do global climate models simulate the variability of Atlantic tropical cyclones associated with ENSO?"
J. Climate,
27
(15):
5673-5692
[10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00625.1]
Wang, H., S. D. Schubert, R. Koster, et al. 2014. "On the Role of SST Forcing in the 2011 and 2012 Extreme U.S. Heat and Drought: A Study in Contrasts."
J. Hydrometeor.,
15
(3):
1255-1273
[10.1175/JHM-D-13-069.1]
Schubert, S. D., H. Wang, R. D. Koster, and M. J. Suarez. 2014. "Northern Eurasian Heat Waves and Droughts."
J. Climate,
27
(9):
3169-3207
[10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00360.1]
Kirtman, B. P., D. Min, J. M. Infanti, et al. 2014. "The North American Multimodel Ensemble: Phase-1 Seasonal-to-Interannual Prediction; Phase-2 toward Developing Intraseasonal Prediction."
Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc,
95
(4):
585-601
[10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00050.1]
Hoerling, M., J. Eischeid, A. Kumar, et al. 2014. "Causes and Predictability of the 2012 Great Plains Drought."
Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc,
95
(2):
269-282
[10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00055.1]
Ham, Y.-G., M. M. Rienecker, M. J. Suarez, et al. 2014. "Decadal prediction skill in the GEOS-5 forecast system."
Clim Dyn,
42
(1-2):
1-20
[10.1007/s00382-013-1858-x]
Schubert, S. D., and Y.-K. Lim. 2013. "Climate Variability and Weather Extremes: Model-Simulated and Historical Data."
Hydrologic Extremes in a Changing Climate - Detection Analysis & Uncertainty,
65:
pp423
[Full Text (Link)]
Mariotti, A., S. D. Schubert, K. Mo, et al. 2013. "Advancing Drought Understanding, Monitoring, and Prediction."
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,
94
(12):
ES186–ES188
[10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00248.1]
Chang, Y., S. Schubert, and M. Suarez. 2012. "Attribution of the Extreme U.S. East Coast Snowstorm Activity of 2010."
J.Climate,
25:
3771-3791.
Ham, Y., S. D. Schubert, and Y. Chang. 2012. "Optimal Initial Perturbations for Ensemble Prediction of the Madden–Julian Oscillation during Boreal Winter."
J Climate,
25
(14):
4932-4945
[10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00344.1]
Ham, Y., M. M. Rienecker, S. D. Schubert, et al. 2012. "The decadal modulation of coupled bred vectors."
Geophy Res Lett,
39
(20):
L20712
[10.1029/2012GL053719]
Rienecker, M. M., M. J. Suarez, R. Gelaro, et al. 2011. "MERRA: NASA’s Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications."
J. Climate,
24
(14):
3624-3648
[10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00015.1]
Lim, Y.-K., and S. D. Schubert. 2011. "The Impact of ENSO and the Arctic Oscillation on Winter Temperature Extremes in the Southeast United States."
Geophys. Res. Lett.,
38:
L15706
[doi:10.1029/2011GL048283]
Schubert, S., H. Wang, and M. Suarez. 2011. "Warm Season Subseasonal Variability and Climate Extremes in the Northern Hemisphere: The Role of Stationary Rossby Waves."
J. Climate,
24:
4773–4792.
Wang, H., S. Schubert, M. Suarez, and R. D. Koster. 2010. "The Physical Mechanisms by Which the Leading Patterns of SST Variability Impact U.S. Precipitation."
Journal of Climate,
23
(7):
1815-1836
[10.1175/2009JCLI3188.1]
Lee, M.-I., I. Choi, W.-K. Tao, S. D. Schubert, and I.-S. Kang. 2009. "Mechanisms of diurnal precipitation over the US Great Plains: a cloud resolving model perspective."
Climate Dynamics,
34
(2-3):
419-437
[10.1007/s00382-009-0531-x]
Wang, H., S. D. Schubert, M. J. Suarez, et al. 2009. "Attribution of the seasonality and regionality in climate trends over the United States during 1950-2000."
J. Climate,
2571-2590:
Weaver, S. J., S. Schubert, and H. Wang. 2009. "Warm season variations in the low-level circulation and precipitation over the central U.S. in observations, AMIP simulations, and idealized SST experiments,."
J. Climate,
22:
5401–5420.
Koster, R. D., H. Wang, S. D. Schubert, M. J. Suarez, and S. P. Mahanama. 2009. "Drought-Induced Warming in the Continental United States under Different SST Regimes."
Journal of Climate,
22:
5385-5400
[DOI: 10.1175/2009JCLI3075.1]
Wu, M.-L. C., O. Reale, S. D. Schubert, et al. 2009. "African Easterly Jet: Structure and Maintenance."
Journal of Climate,
22:
4459-4480
[DOI: 10.1175/2009JCLI2584.1]
Koster, R. D., S. D. Schubert, and M. J. Suarez. 2009. "Analyzing the Concurrence of Meteorological Droughts and Warm Periods, with Implications for the Determination of Evaporative Regime."
Journal of Climate,
22:
3331-3341
[DOI: 10.1175/2008JCLI2718.1]
Schubert, S., D. Gutzler, H. Wang, et al. 2009. "A U.S. CLIVAR Project to Assess and Compare the Responses of Global Climate Models to Drought-Related SST Forcing Patterns: Overview and Results."
Journal of Climate,
22
(19):
5251-5272
[10.1175/2009JCLI3060.1]
Schubert, S. D., M. J. Suarez, P. J. Pegion, R. D. Koster, and J. Bacmeister. 2008. "Potential Predictability of Long-Term Drought and Pluvial Conditions in the U.S. Great Plains."
Journal of Climate,
21
(4):
802-816
[10.1175/2007JCLI1741.1]
Koster, R., T. Bell, R. Reichle, M. Suarez, and S. Schubert. 2008. "Using Observed Spatial Correlation Structures to Increase the Skill of Subseasonal Forecasts."
Mon. Wea. Rev.,
136
(6):
1923-1930
[10.1175/2007MWR2255.1]
Lee, M.-I., S. D. Schubert, M. J. Suarez, T. Bell, and K.-M. Kim. 2007. "The Diurnal Cycle of Precipitation in the NASA/NSIPP Atmospheric General Circulation Model."
J. Geophys. Res.,
112:
D16111
[doi:10.1029/2006JD008346]
Schubert, S. D., R. D. Koster, M. Hoerling, et al. 2007. "Predicting drought on seasonal-to-decadal time scales."
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,
88:
1625-1630
[DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-88-10-1625]
Lee, M., S. Schubert, M. Suarez, et al. 2007. "Sensitivity to horizontal resolution in the AGCM simulations of warm season diurnal cycle of precipitation over the United States and northern Mexico."
J Climate,
20
(9):
1862-1881.
Koster, R. D., M. J. Suarez, and S. D. Schubert. 2006. "Distinct hydrological signatures in observed historical temperature fields."
Journal of Hydrometeorology,
7:
1061-1075
[DOI: 10.1175/JHM530.1]
Lin, J., G. N. Kiladis, B. E. Mapes, et al. 2006. "Tropical Intraseasonal Variability in 14 IPCC AR4 Climate Models. Part I: Convective Signals."
J. Climate,
19
(12):
2665-2690
[10.1175/JCLI3735.1]
Kumar, A., F. Yang, L. Goddard, and S. D. Schubert. 2004. "Differing trends in the tropical surface temperatures and precipitation over land and oceans."
J Climate,
17
(3):
653-664
[10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<0653:DTITTS>2.0.CO;2]
Schubert, S. D., M. J. Suarez, P. J. Pegion, R. D. Koster, and J. T. Bacmeister. 2004. "Causes of Long-Term Drought in the U.S. Great Plains."
J. Climate,
17
(3):
485-503
[10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<0485:COLDIT>2.0.CO;2]
Schubert, S. D., M. J. Suarez, P. J. Pegion, R. D. Koster, and J. T. Bacmeister. 2004. "On the cause of the 1930s Dust Bowl."
Science,
303:
1855-1859
[DOI: 10.1126/science.1095048]
Schubert, S. D., M. J. Suarez, P. J. Pegion, M. A. Kistler, and A. Kumar. 2002. "Predictability of zonal means during boreal summer."
J.Climate,
15:
420-434.
Otterman, J., J. Angell, R. Atlas, et al. 2002. "Advection from the north Atlantic as the forcing of winter effect over Europe."
Geophys. Res. Lett,
29
(8):
133-1-133-4
[10.1029/2001GL014187]
Otterman, J., R. Atlas, S. Chou, et al. 2002. "Are stronger North-Atlantic southwesterlies the forcing to the late-winter warming in Europe?"
Int. J. Climatol.,
22
(6):
743-750
[10.1002/joc.681]
Otterman, J., K. J. Angell, J. Ardizzone, et al. 2002. "North-Atlantic surface winds examined as the source of winter warming in Europe."
Geophys Res Lett,
29
(19):
1912
[10.1029/2002GL015256]
Schubert, S., and M. L. Wu. 2001. "Predictability of the 1997 and 1998 South Asian summer monsoon winds."
J. Climate,
14:
3173-3191.
Otterman, J., J. Ardizzone, R. Atlas, et al. 2001. "The variability of winter air temperature in mid-latitude Europe."
Geogr Polonica,
74:
67-77.
1) Head of the SSD group within the GMAO
2) Organized and directed NASA's first reanalysis project.
3) Principal investigator on various proposals to study atmospheric
variability and predictability, and the hydrological cycle.
4) Editor of the Journal of Climate.
5) Member: North American Monsoon Experiment (NAME) science working group
6) Member of the NCEP/NCAR advisory committee on reanalysis.
7) Member Computing Environments and Research Requirements Committee
(CERRC) to determine future Goddard computing requirements
8) Chairman: NCCS CUC subcommittee on data storage
9) Member of international APEC Climate Network (APCN) working group
10) Member of the Seasonal to Inter-annual Earth Science Information
Partnership (SIESIP) project advisory board
11) Member of the scientific advisory committee of COLA
12) Reviewer of proposals for NASA and other agencies, reviewer of papers
for numerous professional journals
13) Chair of the NOAA reanalysis advisory committee.
14) Co-chair of USCLIVAR Drought working group on Drought
15) Member of the CLIVAR SSG (3-yr term beginning April 2010, extended 2 years)
16) Cochair of the VAMOS working group on extremes (2-yr term beginning March 2010)
17) Member of the WCRP drought interest group (started November 2008)
18) Co-organizer of two workshops on subseasonal variability (2002, 2003)
19) Co-organizer of workshop on improved observations for reanalysis (2005)
20) Co-organizer of two workshops on hurricanes and high resolution modeling (2007, 2009)
21) Co-organizer of one national and two international workshops on drought (2005, 2011, 2012)
Refereed
Wang, H., L. Long, A. Kumar, et al. 2014. "How well do global climate models simulate the variability of Atlantic tropical cyclones associated with ENSO?"
J. Climate
27
(15):
5673-5692
[10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00625.1]
Wang, H., S. D. Schubert, R. Koster, et al. 2014. "On the Role of SST Forcing in the 2011 and 2012 Extreme U.S. Heat and Drought: A Study in Contrasts."
J. Hydrometeor.
15
(3):
1255-1273
[10.1175/JHM-D-13-069.1]
Schubert, S. D., H. Wang, R. D. Koster, and M. J. Suarez. 2014. "Northern Eurasian Heat Waves and Droughts."
J. Climate
27
(9):
3169-3207
[10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00360.1]
Kirtman, B. P., D. Min, J. M. Infanti, et al. 2014. "The North American Multimodel Ensemble: Phase-1 Seasonal-to-Interannual Prediction; Phase-2 toward Developing Intraseasonal Prediction."
Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc
95
(4):
585-601
[10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00050.1]
Hoerling, M., J. Eischeid, A. Kumar, et al. 2014. "Causes and Predictability of the 2012 Great Plains Drought."
Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc
95
(2):
269-282
[10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00055.1]
Ham, Y.-G., M. M. Rienecker, M. J. Suarez, et al. 2014. "Decadal prediction skill in the GEOS-5 forecast system."
Clim Dyn
42
(1-2):
1-20
[10.1007/s00382-013-1858-x]
Schubert, S. D., and Y.-K. Lim. 2013. "Climate Variability and Weather Extremes: Model-Simulated and Historical Data."
Hydrologic Extremes in a Changing Climate - Detection Analysis & Uncertainty
65
pp423
[Full Text (Link)]
Mariotti, A., S. D. Schubert, K. Mo, et al. 2013. "Advancing Drought Understanding, Monitoring, and Prediction."
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
94
(12):
ES186–ES188
[10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00248.1]
Chang, Y., S. Schubert, and M. Suarez. 2012. "Attribution of the Extreme U.S. East Coast Snowstorm Activity of 2010."
J.Climate
25
3771-3791
Ham, Y., S. D. Schubert, and Y. Chang. 2012. "Optimal Initial Perturbations for Ensemble Prediction of the Madden–Julian Oscillation during Boreal Winter."
J Climate
25
(14):
4932-4945
[10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00344.1]
Ham, Y., M. M. Rienecker, S. D. Schubert, et al. 2012. "The decadal modulation of coupled bred vectors."
Geophy Res Lett
39
(20):
L20712
[10.1029/2012GL053719]
Rienecker, M. M., M. J. Suarez, R. Gelaro, et al. 2011. "MERRA: NASA’s Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications."
J. Climate
24
(14):
3624-3648
[10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00015.1]
Lim, Y.-K., and S. D. Schubert. 2011. "The Impact of ENSO and the Arctic Oscillation on Winter Temperature Extremes in the Southeast United States."
Geophys. Res. Lett.
38
L15706
[doi:10.1029/2011GL048283]
Schubert, S., H. Wang, and M. Suarez. 2011. "Warm Season Subseasonal Variability and Climate Extremes in the Northern Hemisphere: The Role of Stationary Rossby Waves."
J. Climate
24
4773–4792
Wang, H., S. Schubert, M. Suarez, and R. D. Koster. 2010. "The Physical Mechanisms by Which the Leading Patterns of SST Variability Impact U.S. Precipitation."
Journal of Climate
23
(7):
1815-1836
[10.1175/2009JCLI3188.1]
Lee, M.-I., I. Choi, W.-K. Tao, S. D. Schubert, and I.-S. Kang. 2009. "Mechanisms of diurnal precipitation over the US Great Plains: a cloud resolving model perspective."
Climate Dynamics
34
(2-3):
419-437
[10.1007/s00382-009-0531-x]
Wang, H., S. D. Schubert, M. J. Suarez, et al. 2009. "Attribution of the seasonality and regionality in climate trends over the United States during 1950-2000."
J. Climate
2571-2590
Weaver, S. J., S. Schubert, and H. Wang. 2009. "Warm season variations in the low-level circulation and precipitation over the central U.S. in observations, AMIP simulations, and idealized SST experiments,."
J. Climate
22
5401–5420
Koster, R. D., H. Wang, S. D. Schubert, M. J. Suarez, and S. P. Mahanama. 2009. "Drought-Induced Warming in the Continental United States under Different SST Regimes."
Journal of Climate
22
5385-5400
[DOI: 10.1175/2009JCLI3075.1]
Wu, M.-L. C., O. Reale, S. D. Schubert, et al. 2009. "African Easterly Jet: Structure and Maintenance."
Journal of Climate
22
4459-4480
[DOI: 10.1175/2009JCLI2584.1]
Koster, R. D., S. D. Schubert, and M. J. Suarez. 2009. "Analyzing the Concurrence of Meteorological Droughts and Warm Periods, with Implications for the Determination of Evaporative Regime."
Journal of Climate
22
3331-3341
[DOI: 10.1175/2008JCLI2718.1]
Schubert, S., D. Gutzler, H. Wang, et al. 2009. "A U.S. CLIVAR Project to Assess and Compare the Responses of Global Climate Models to Drought-Related SST Forcing Patterns: Overview and Results."
Journal of Climate
22
(19):
5251-5272
[10.1175/2009JCLI3060.1]
Schubert, S. D., M. J. Suarez, P. J. Pegion, R. D. Koster, and J. Bacmeister. 2008. "Potential Predictability of Long-Term Drought and Pluvial Conditions in the U.S. Great Plains."
Journal of Climate
21
(4):
802-816
[10.1175/2007JCLI1741.1]
Koster, R., T. Bell, R. Reichle, M. Suarez, and S. Schubert. 2008. "Using Observed Spatial Correlation Structures to Increase the Skill of Subseasonal Forecasts."
Mon. Wea. Rev.
136
(6):
1923-1930
[10.1175/2007MWR2255.1]
Lee, M.-I., S. D. Schubert, M. J. Suarez, T. Bell, and K.-M. Kim. 2007. "The Diurnal Cycle of Precipitation in the NASA/NSIPP Atmospheric General Circulation Model."
J. Geophys. Res.
112
D16111
[doi:10.1029/2006JD008346]
Schubert, S. D., R. D. Koster, M. Hoerling, et al. 2007. "Predicting drought on seasonal-to-decadal time scales."
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
88
1625-1630
[DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-88-10-1625]
Lee, M., S. Schubert, M. Suarez, et al. 2007. "Sensitivity to horizontal resolution in the AGCM simulations of warm season diurnal cycle of precipitation over the United States and northern Mexico."
J Climate
20
(9):
1862-1881
Koster, R. D., M. J. Suarez, and S. D. Schubert. 2006. "Distinct hydrological signatures in observed historical temperature fields."
Journal of Hydrometeorology
7
1061-1075
[DOI: 10.1175/JHM530.1]
Lin, J., G. N. Kiladis, B. E. Mapes, et al. 2006. "Tropical Intraseasonal Variability in 14 IPCC AR4 Climate Models. Part I: Convective Signals."
J. Climate
19
(12):
2665-2690
[10.1175/JCLI3735.1]
Kumar, A., F. Yang, L. Goddard, and S. D. Schubert. 2004. "Differing trends in the tropical surface temperatures and precipitation over land and oceans."
J Climate
17
(3):
653-664
[10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<0653:DTITTS>2.0.CO;2]
Schubert, S. D., M. J. Suarez, P. J. Pegion, R. D. Koster, and J. T. Bacmeister. 2004. "Causes of Long-Term Drought in the U.S. Great Plains."
J. Climate
17
(3):
485-503
[10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<0485:COLDIT>2.0.CO;2]
Schubert, S. D., M. J. Suarez, P. J. Pegion, R. D. Koster, and J. T. Bacmeister. 2004. "On the cause of the 1930s Dust Bowl."
Science
303
1855-1859
[DOI: 10.1126/science.1095048]
Schubert, S. D., M. J. Suarez, P. J. Pegion, M. A. Kistler, and A. Kumar. 2002. "Predictability of zonal means during boreal summer."
J.Climate
15
420-434
Otterman, J., J. Angell, R. Atlas, et al. 2002. "Advection from the north Atlantic as the forcing of winter effect over Europe."
Geophys. Res. Lett
29
(8):
133-1-133-4
[10.1029/2001GL014187]
Otterman, J., R. Atlas, S. Chou, et al. 2002. "Are stronger North-Atlantic southwesterlies the forcing to the late-winter warming in Europe?"
Int. J. Climatol.
22
(6):
743-750
[10.1002/joc.681]
Otterman, J., K. J. Angell, J. Ardizzone, et al. 2002. "North-Atlantic surface winds examined as the source of winter warming in Europe."
Geophys Res Lett
29
(19):
1912
[10.1029/2002GL015256]
Schubert, S., and M. L. Wu. 2001. "Predictability of the 1997 and 1998 South Asian summer monsoon winds."
J. Climate
14
3173-3191.
Otterman, J., J. Ardizzone, R. Atlas, et al. 2001. "The variability of winter air temperature in mid-latitude Europe."
Geogr Polonica
74
67-77
